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Welcome to our newsletter for
August. Topic is places to travel - England. |
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**** If you can't
see the images then click here. **** |
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England is often used to describe all
of Great Britain or the United Kingdom.
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England is its own entity, and has
its own flag. |
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Great Britain is a broad topic, this month
we will focus only on England.
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Click
here to watch a video about the queen of England, Queen Elizabeth II. |
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England is governed by a monarchy, which means that a Queen or
King is the head of state. However, a Prime Minister not a president is elected. |
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To
watch videos about the history of
England, click here for part 1, part 2, part
3, part 4, part
5, part
6 and part 7. |
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Prehistory:
England has been occupied for
thousands of years. One of the monuments from that time is Stonehenge.
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Roman
conquest: England, known back then as Britannia, became part of the Roman Empire. Julius Caesar first tried to conquer it in 54 BC. He failed. The Emperor Claudius was successful in 43 AD. |
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Click here to watch video. |
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Click here to watch video. |
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Dark
Ages: After the Roman Empire fell, England
lost its protection from other invading countries and was constantly
attacked. Click here to watch video. |
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Anglo-Saxons: The Angles were one of the tribes living in Britannia. After tribes from Europe (Saxons) settled
in England,
they were no longer one type of people. |
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They
say a mysterious hero called King
Arthur united England during the Dark Ages,
but no one knows who he really was or if he really existed. |
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The Battle of Hastings was the decisive battle in the Norman Conquest of England.
(1066) |
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The
battle took place at Senlac Hill, approximately 6 miles (10 km)
north-west of Hastings, on which an abbey was subsequently built. |
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The
battle took place on 14 October 1066, between the Norman army of Duke William of Normandy from France, and
the English army led by King Harold II. Harold was killed during the battle; traditionally,
it is believed he was shot through the eye with an arrow. Although there
was further English resistance for some time to come, this battle is seen
as the point at which William gained control of England. |
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Click here to watch video. |
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King Henry VIII
(1491), wanted to have a son, but he was not allowed to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon,
when she could not bear a son. He annulled
their marriage her so he could marry Anne
Boleyn. |
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In
order to annul the marriage, he
had to break with the Catholic
Church, and establish the Church of England. This created many conflicts with the Catholics. |
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Anne
Boleyn
had a daughter, Elizabeth I. She became one of England's greatest queens. |
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Click here to watch video. |
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The English Civil War (1642) was between Charles I and Parliament, led by Oliver Cromwell. Cromwell won and a commonwealth was declared. |
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In 1660, the monarchy came back into power with the
return of Charles II. |
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The
Industrial Revolution made England more powerful than any
other country in the world. It was
able to manufacture weapons and technology quickly. |
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Queen
Victoria
used this revolution to expand the British Empire. |
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On
the other hand, all these factories created pollution, poor working
conditions and overcrowding in London
and other big cities. |
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Click here to watch video, part 1, part 2, part 3, part 4, part 5 and part 6. |
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Football is popular in England. Americans call it soccer because football is what they call their sport. |
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Rugby started in a school in a town
called Rugby. A student decided to pick up
the ball and threw it into the goal. |
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The
other players tried to stop him and then they decided that this was a good
sport to play. Click here to watch video. |
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Cricket is a popular summer sport in
British countries. It is similar to baseball but has different rules. Click here to watch video. |
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Taxis are called cabbies,
and have to pass an exam by remembering all the streets and even
restaurants .Click here to watch video. |
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Fish
and chips:
is the most common fast food in England. Potato chips and fish
in batter. In the U.S., chips are called French fries. Click here to watch video. |
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Bangers
and Mash:
are sausages
(bangers) and mashed potatoes
(mash) |
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Rock music from England
became popular in the mid-1960’s.
This was called the British
Invasion. Click here to watch video. |
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Cockney: is a term for working-class, East End Londoners
and their use of rhyming slang.
Click here to watch video. |
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Red telephone booths and post boxes are a common sight
in England.
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East
End: usually
refers to a working class, residential area of London. |
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West
End: is
the area of London
where all the main tourist attraction sites are. |
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POHM or POME |
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In the
past, England colonized
many areas and sent convicts to some of them, such as America and Australia. |
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The terms POHM or POME are
actually acronyms for Prisoner of His/Her Majesty or Prisoner of Mother England |
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We
won a game of cricket against the POHMs. |
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Landmarks and icons of London. |
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Double
Decker: this
is what the busses with two decks are called. |
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Bobby:
is what
people call a police officer. |
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Buckingham Palace: this is where the royal
family lives. Click here to watch video. |
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Royal Guard:
outside of Buckingham palace
Click here to watch video. |
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Westminster Abbey or Parliament House: this is where the government
is situated. Click here to watch video. |
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Big
Ben: is
the nickname of the large bell in the clock tower of Westminster. |
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Tower of London: formal name is Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress.
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Trafalgar Square: is the heart of London, and it is one
of the main tourist attractions. |
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Tube
or Underground: this is what the
subway is called in London.
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River
Thames: is the river that flows through the middle
of London. |
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Other cities in England.
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Liverpool: This city is famous for its
docks. Everything leaves and enters here. It is best known as the hometown of the Beatles. Click here to watch video. |
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Stratford Upon Avon:
This city
is famous for being the hometown of William Shakespeare, who
wrote many famous works, such as Romeo and Juliet. Click here to watch video. |
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Manchester: This city is not just famous
for its football club, it is also a centre of the arts, the media, higher
education and commerce. Click here to watch video. |
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Newcastle: This city owes its name to the
Norman castle built in 1080, by Robert II of Normandy, the eldest son of William the Conqueror. Click here to watch video. |
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Sheffield: This
city gets its name from being a field along the river Sheaf. Click here to watch video. |
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Greenwich: This city is best known for
its maritime history. Its name comes from the Saxon word
"Grenewic" which means Green
Village. Click here to watch video. |
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Oxford
Click here to watch video. |
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Click here to watch video. Cambridge |
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The
two most famous universities in England,
Oxford is in the southeast of England and Cambridge
is north of London.
These two schools have a rowing competition against each other each year. |
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The sun never sets on the British Empire |
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This
is what Queen Victoria said, when expanding her empire to far away places.
While England is sleeping at night, it is daytime for one of her many possessions such as Australia. |
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